General Chemistry Answers

A living tree contains 14C (half-life, 5730 years) and has a specific activity of 750 counts per hour. A wooden artifact recovered from an archeological site gives a count of 210 counts per hour. The age of this artifact is most nearly

The formation constant for the reaction

Ni2+(aq) + 6NH3(aq) ⥫⥬ Ni(NH3)6

2+(aq)

is Kf = 5.6×108

at 25°C.

(a) What is ΔG° at this temperature?

(b) If standard-state concentrations of the reactants and products

Calculate ΔG° at 298 K for each reaction:

(a) 2NO(g) + Cl2(g) ⥫⥬ 2NOCl(g); K = 1.58×107

(b) Cu2S(s) + O2(g) ⥫⥬ 2Cu(s) + SO2(g); K = 3.25×1037

Calculate ΔG° at 298 K for each reaction:

(a) 2H2S(g) + 3O2(g) ⥫⥬ 2H2O(g) + 2SO2(g); K = 6.57×10173

(b) H2SO4(l) ⥫⥬ H2O(l) + SO3(g); K = 4.46×10−15

A mixture of 3.00 volumes of H2 and 1.00 volume of

N2 reacts at 344°C to form ammonia. The equilibrium mixture at

110. atm contains 41.49% NH3 by volume. Calculate Kp for the

reaction, assuming that the gases behave ideally.

Predict the effect of decreasing the temperature on the

amount(s) of reactant(s) in the following reactions:

(a) C2H2(g) + H2O(g) ⥫⥬ CH3CHO(g) ΔHrxn ° = −151 kJ

How would you adjust the volume of the container in order

to maximize product yield in each of the following reactions?

(a) Na2O2(s) ⥫⥬ 2Na(l) + O2(g)

(b) C2H2(g) + 2H2(g) ⥫⥬ C2H6(g)

Sodium bicarbonate undergoes thermal decomposition ac-

cording to the reaction

2NaHCO3(s) ⥫⥬ Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)

How does the equilibrium position shift as a result of each of

the following disturbances? (a) 0.20 atm of argon gas is added.

(b) NaHCO3(s) is added. (c) Mg(ClO4)2(s) is added as a drying

agent to remove H2O. (d) Dry ice is added at constant T.

A key step in the extraction of iron from its ore is

FeO(s) + CO(g) ⥫⥬ Fe(s) + CO2(g) Kp = 0.403 at 1000°C

This step occurs in the 700°C to 1200°C zone within a blast fur-

nace. What are the equilibrium partial pressures of CO(g) and

CO2(g) when 1.00 atm of CO(g) and excess FeO(s) react in a

sealed container at 1000°C?

The first step in HNO3 production is the catalyzed oxidation

of NH3. Without a catalyst, a different reaction predominates:  

4NH3(g) + 3O2(g) ⥫⥬ 2N2(g) + 6H2O(g)

When 0.0150 mol of NH3(g) and 0.0150 mol of O2(g) are placed

in a 1.00-L container at a certain temperature, the N2 concentra-

tion at equilibrium is 1.96×10−3 M. Calculate Kc