Answer to Question #98933 in General Chemistry for Manilyn Atractivo

Question

Find out which ion in each pair is larger? Which pair is isoelectronic?
〖Ca〗^(2+) and 〖Mg〗^(2+)
〖Cl〗^(-1) and P^(3-)
F^(1-) and O^(2-)
〖Mg〗^(2+) and S^(2-)
K^(1+) and 〖Ca〗^(2+)

Given the following elements, (_3^)Li, (_8^)O, (_10^)Ne, (_11^)Na, (_17^)Cl,
which is the most metallic?
Nonmetallic?
Cite Situations to show that gas
Exert pressure
Diffuses easily
Can be compressed
Has no definite shape and volume

Answer 1

(a)   (i) Ca2+ is larger than Mg2+. This pair is not isoelectronic.

(ii) Cl- is equal to P3-. This pair is isoelectronic.

(iii) F- is equal to O2-. This pair is isoelectronic.

(iv) S2-is larger than Mg2+. This pair is not isoelectronic.

(v) K+ is equal to Ca2+. This pair is isoelectronic.

(b) From the elements (11)Na is the most metallic element and (17)Cl is the most non-metallic  element

(c) (i) Consider the molecules of a gas moving at random in a container. The molecules continually collide with each other and with the walls of the container. When the molecules collide with the wall, they exert small force on the wall. The pressure exerted by the gas is due to the sum of all the collision forces.

    (ii) One can be able to smell perfume even at a distance from it because it diffuses into the air and makes its way into the nose.

  (iii) Gases take up the shape of a container and whatever space is available to them. The gas molecules also have little interactions between them to make them stick together. Hence the gases can be compressed.

   (iv) A gas in container adjusts itself in the container to match the volume of the container. The same applies to the shape hence the gas has no definite shape and volume.