Question

Carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and amine group of another amino acid create what functional group? Condensation is a chemical reaction in which two substances combine to form a larger molecule with the release of a small molecule such as what?

Answer 1

This shows the reaction between two amino acids.

$$\mathrm{NH_2-R-COOH} + \mathrm{NH_2-R^-COOH} \rightarrow \mathrm{NH_2-R-CO-NH-R^-COOH} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

So the carbon atom at one end of amino acid has joined to the nitrogen atom at one end of other amino acid, by eliminating a water molecule. This linking group of atoms (-CO-NH-) is called an amide linkage.

In condensation reaction molecules join at their functional groups, by getting rid or eliminating a small molecule (a molecule of hydrogen chloride - HCl, a water molecule - $\mathrm{H_2O}$)

For example :

$$\mathrm{R-NH_2} + \mathrm{R^-COCl} \rightarrow \mathrm{R-NH-CO-R^+} + \mathrm{HCl}$$ $$\mathrm{HOOC-R-COOH} + \mathrm{HO-R^-OH} \rightarrow \mathrm{HOOC-R-CO-O-R^-OH} + \mathrm{H_2O}$$

Group “-CO-O-“ is called an ester linkage.

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