Answer to Question #304564 in General Chemistry for Carrot

Question

The heat needed to vaporize a certain amount of liquid. A certain substance A has a boiling point of 78℃and substance B has a boiling point of 110℃.Answer the following questions and explain your answer in each case.

1.Which substance has a higher vapor pressure?

2.Which substance has a stronger force of attraction?

3.Which substance has a higher heat of vaporization?

4.Which one will have a higher viscosity?

Answer 1

A ‒ boiling point TB = 78 C

B ‒ boiling point TB = 110 C

Liquids are called condensed phases because their particles are packed in close proximity to one another. The intermolecular forces (IMFs) between the molecules that make up liquids vary in strength, and this variation results in a broad range of physical properties among liquids.

As the strength of the IMFs in a series of liquids increases, the boiling points of the liquids increase. Substance B with higher boiling point (TB = 110 ï‚°C) has a stronger IMFs (force of attraction).

The strength of the IMFs in the liquid is a direct indication of the enthalpy of vaporization (heat of vaporization). The IMFs in substance B (TB = 110 ï‚°C) are stronger, so the enthalpy of vaporization is greater than that of substance A.

As the strength of the IMFs in a series of liquids increases, the vapor pressures of the liquids decrease. That’s why substance A (TB = 78 C) has a higher heat of vaporization than that of substance B.

Strong IMFs result in high viscosity for a liquid. Substance B (TB = 110 ï‚°C) will have a higher viscosity.