Answer to Question #158301 in General Chemistry for Christian

Question

 Define, distinguish and give an example for each of the following pairs of words (4 points)

A. Homogeneous and heterogeneous mixture

B. Extensive and intensive properties

C. Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbon

D. Condensed and skeletal structure

Answer 1

A.

Definition:

A homogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is uniform throughout the mixture.

A heterogeneous mixture is a mixture in which the composition is not uniform throughout the mixture.

Distinguish:

A phase is any part of a sample that has a uniform composition and properties.

A homogeneous mixture consists of a single phase.

A heterogeneous mixture consists of two or more phases.

Example:

homogeneous mixture:

Sea water, a homogeneous mixture of table salt and water.

heterogeneous mixture:

Vegetable soup is a heterogeneous mixture.

B.

Definition:

extensive property:

The property of the system that is depends on the amount of matter in the system is called extensive property.

intensive property:

The property of the system that independent on the amount of the matter in it, is called intensive property.

Distinguish:

Extensive property is bulk property where as intensive property is point property.

Example:

Extensive property : volume, mass, internal energy

Intensive property: density, specific heat, conductivity

C.

Definition

Saturated hydrocarbon :

A hydrocarbon that has no p-p bond are called saturated hydrocarbon.

Unsaturated hydrocarbon:

A hydrocarbon that has one or more p-p bond are called unsaturated hydrocarbon.

Distinguish:

Unsaturated hydrocarbon make red colour of diluted bromine water colour less.

Saturated hydrocarbon unable to do it.

Heat hydrogenation is exothermic reaction for unsaturated hydrocarbon, for saturated hydrocarbon this is endothermic.

Example:

Saturated hydrocarbon:

Methane,CH4; Ethane H3C-CH3

Unsaturated hydrocarbon:

Ethylene,H2C=CH2; Acetylene,HC≡CH

D.

Definition

Condensed structure:

Condensed Structural Formula is basically a system in which we write organic molecules in a line listing the atoms in the order which they occupy in the molecule.

Skeletal structure:

A type of representation of organic molecules where carbon atoms are implied at the corners and ends of lines, and each carbon atom is understood to be attached to enough hydrogen atoms to give each carbon atom four bonds. All other types of atoms are shown and hydrogens bonded to atoms other than carbon are shown.

Distinguish:

In condensed structure no line is used to represent the molicule.

In skeletal structure mostly lines are used to represent the molicule.

Example:

Condensed structure:

Propane = H3CH2CH3C

Skeletal structure:

Propane =