Question

Refer to the following substances for the next three (3) questions. Choices may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

Is held together by electrostatic forces

           

a. H2O

             

b. NaCl

             

c. O2

             

d. CH4

         

Is both linear and nonpolar

           

a. H2O

             

b. NaCl

             

c. O2

             

d. CH4

         

Has a bond angle of 104.5^o

             

a. H2O

             

b. NaCl

             

c. O2

             

d. CH4

         

Answer 1

(i)Is held together by electrostatic forces

• All the compounds at solid state level some particles would be held together by electrostatic forces. Electrostatic forces are attractive and repulsive forces between particles that have electric charges. For instance, ionic substances like NaCl are held together by electrostatic forces called ionic bonds. the positively and negatively charged ions are held together by strong electrostatic interactions.
• Covalent compounds e.g. O₂, CH₄, or H₂O consist of molecules (groups of atoms in which one or more electron pairs are shared) the atoms are held together by electrostatic attraction between the positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons shared by the nuclei. the molecules in solid or liquid states are also held together by weak electrostatic forces called Van der Waals forces. for water molecules, there are additional hydrogen bonds, which are still electrostatic forces. NB: Whether covalent or ionic, the compounds are held together by electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged particles.

(ii)Is both linear and non-polar

O₂ is both linear and non-polar

(iii)Has a bond angle of 104.5^o

• The water molecule, like the ammonia and methane molecules, has a tetrahedral electron group geometry. In the water molecule, two of the electron pairs are lone pairs rather than bonding pairs. The H−O−H bond angle is 104.5^o,