Question

1.Explain why organic compounds have polar covalent bonds when carbon bonds to an element on the right or left side of the periodic table.

2.The first ionization energy of Aluminium is 580 kJ/mol whereas its second ionization energy is 1815 kJ/mol. Explain the differences in the ionization energy.

Answer 1

1.The number of shared electrons depends on the number of electrons needed to complete the octet. POLAR BONDING results when two different non-metals unequally share electrons between them. One well known exception to the identical atom rule is the combination of carbon and hydrogen in all organic compounds.

he carbon nitrogen bond is polar. because it has an en difference of 0.5. the carbon hydrogen bond is considered to be nonpolar. and the carbon-carbon bond is completely nonpolar .

2 .

An element's ( Al )second ionization energy is the energy required to remove the outermost, or least bound, electron from a 1+ ion of the element. Because positive charge binds electrons more strongly, the second ionization energy of an element is always higher than the first.

The first ionisation energy of Al is the energy required to remove one mole of the most loosely held electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms to produce 1 mole of gaseous ions each with a charge of 1+.