Biology Answers

Briefly discuss the main contributions made by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch in the development of modern day microbiology.

Cystic fibrosis is caused by autosomal recessive mutation. In European population one out of 10,000 babies is born with this disorder.what is the frequency of cystic fibrosis allele in European population assuming hardy Weinberg conditions are met ?

We transformed E coll cells with a plasmid modified to contain a 'virulence factor' which would allow growth on media containing the antibiotic

kanamycin (an). The plasmid confers constitutive resistance to ampicillin (Amp).

Assume you were given competent cells of known transformation efficiency (TE). Assume TE= 1x10[6] (note 10[6) means 10 to the power of 5).

You want to have about 1000 colonies on the P-200 plate. How many nanograms of plasmid should you use in the transformation reaction? Select

only one answer.

Which of these group of animals made the first transition from aquatic to the terrestrial mode of life?

a.

pisces

b.

mammals

c.

amphibians

d.

reptiles

One form of cystic syndrome is inherited as an autosome recessive character.

The heterozygoutes have heightened content of cystine in urine, homozygoutes - have

cystine stories in kidneys.

a) Determine the possible forms of cystic syndrome in children in the family, where one parent had cystic syndrome and another had heightened content of cystine in urine.

b) Determine the possible forms of cystic syndrom in children in the family,, where one parent had disease and another one had healthy heredity.

analyze the cause and effect of genetic mutations in DNA including missense, nonsense, silent, insertion, deletion, duplication and frameshift

as an archeologist, what are the significant data that we can obtain from grasping ideas from the connection of extinct organism to the organisms in our present time

What would the genotypic ratio look like if aa was crossed with aa

A herpetologist finds an anuran which has a green hue. This is the dominant

colour trait and therefore the genotype for colour can be either homozygous

(GG) or heterozygous (Gg). In this species of frog body colour that is brown

suggests a recessive phenotype and therefore this genotype would have to be

homozygous for the recessive allele (gg). G represents the dominant allele and g represents the

recessive allele. Using selective breeding techniques, how would the researcher determine the

genotype of the original green anuran? Explain how the results of this would help the researcher

identify the genotype or the original green anuran.

10 marks

There are three alleles for the gene that determines the ABO blood grouping system in

humans namely IA

, IB and IO. IA and IB are co-dominant and both are dominant over IO.

Two babies were born in a hospital on the same day (these were the only babies born

in the hospital on that day). One set of parents suspected that the babies were

swopped in the hospital nursery and immediately ordered blood tests to determine their blood

groups. Of the parents, Mr Suspicious was blood group A and Mrs Suspicious was blood group B.

The baby given to them was blood group O. Mr Convinced was blood group A and Mrs Convinced

blood group AB. The baby given to them was blood group B.

Did a mix-up occur? (Give a reason for your answer) What are the genotypes of the parents and

their babies? Show all the possible genotypes and phenotypes of children that can be produced by

Mr and Mrs Suspicious, and the expected ratios in which they will occur (include a Punnett Square)

10 marks