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2. The structure and function of fibroblast.
3. The structure and function of macrophage.
4. The difference of three fibers of L.C.T.
5. Please preview blood and bone.
Which of the following organisms is larger in size, a bacterium with 2 micrometer or a chloroplast with 0.003 millimeter? State your reasons and show your computation.
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The laboratory of your PhD supervisor has developed a DNA aptamer that that has been designed to bind the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Preliminary evidence indicates that the aptamer binds and prevents epidermal growth factor from binding, but a bivalent form of the aptamer (two aptamers linked together) acts as an EGFR agonist. You have access to the human glioma cell line U87 that overexpresses EGFR, and a null-mutant of the same cell line that carries a non-functional EGFR. Describe a series of experiments, and indicate potential results where applicable, to investigate the following.
(a) Changes in proliferative index when treated with the aptamers
(b) Changes in mRNA expression of target genes for EGFR
(c) Changes in the phosphoprotein content of cells
How do I go about answering this?
Review the protein-protein interactions and signalling networks that account for the action of PI3Kinase in relaying pro-survival signals and in preparing cells to grow.
A recently discovered plant extracted is thought to have therapeutic utility for treating stroke patients as it may inhibit neuronal cell death in the region of tissue with reduced blood flow by inhibiting apoptosis. A rat model of stroke exists in which a temporary reduction in blood flow (ischaemia) to one hemisphere of brain can be induced. Describe a series of experiments you would undertake to investigate if the drug is able to reduce post-ischaemic cell death and to determine if active Akt is induced following an ischaemic event.
How would I go about answering a question like this?
You have discovered a novel compound that you think may functions as a Wnt mimetic and modulate the activity of mesenchymal stem cells. You have access to human primary mesenchymal stem cells and the equipment typically found in a cell and molecular biology research laboratory. Describe a series of experiments, and indicate potential results where applicable, to investigate the following.
(a) Changes in proliferative index or induction of apoptosis
(b) Changes in mRNA expression of Wnt regulated genes
(c) Changes in the cellular distribution of Wnt regulated proteins
(d) Changes in the phosphoprotein content of cells
Silk is one example of protein Q.Silk dress becomes wrinkled when washed using hot water at 65 celcius.Based on the above statement,suggest two ways to maintain the quality of slik dress.
A housewife uses an amylase-based detergent to wash her blood stained clothe. She found out that the stain is not removed. Explain why.
How many adenine molecules are present in a DNA molecule of 4000 bases, if 20% of the base molecules are cytosine?
