Answer to Question #229576 in Zoology for DDX

Question

Discuss the pros and cons,in energetic terms,of (i) being a generalist as opposed to a specialist predator, and (ii) being a sit–and –wait predator as opposed to an active forager?

Answer 1

 (i) Choosing to be a generalist rather than a specialist predator:

Generalist species may eat a wide range of foods and flourish in a number of habitats. Specialist species have a more restricted diet and occupy a smaller niche. In ecology, categorizing a species as a generalist or a specialist helps scientists figure out what types of food and habitat resources it needs to thrive. Generalists may eat a wide range of foods and live in a variety of environments. Specialists, on the other hand, have a more restricted diet and tougher needs for their environment.

Specialist pros and cons

Specialist are narrow niche

These are less adaptable because of specialized needs.

Specialists have an advantage when conditions are more constant.

Example: The koala subsists nearly completely on eucalyptus, which is poisonous to most other creatures.

Generalist pros and cons

Generalist are broad niche

These are adaptable to many environments

Generalists have an advantage when conditions changes

Example: Raccoons eat a variety of foods and dwell in areas with trees, bushes, or buildings.

(ii) As opposed to an aggressive forager, being a sit–and–wait predator:

Predators are classified into two groups depending on their foraging strategies: active (or "widely foraging") and sit-and-wait (or "ambush"). A predator on the lookout for prey travels through its environment. As a result, actively foraging predators are known for their frequent roaming movements. A sit-and-wait predator sits or stands motionless for lengthy periods of time in order to catch its prey when it arrives in front of them.

“Sit and wait” is one of the best foraging strategies (ambush predator - uses primarily visual cues, movement)

Pros: requires minimal energy and is undetectable to predators.

Cons: How frequently does food appear? "aggressive predators" (hunters - use visual and olfactory cues).