Answer to Question #142794 in Zoology for dhruv

Question

what is the role of hormonal regulation, cardiovascular center regulation and autoregulation of blood pressure. Explain.

Answer 1

Short-term regulation of blood pressure is controlled by the autonomic nervous system. Changes in blood pressure are detected by baroreceptors. These are located in the arch of the aorta and the carotid sinus. Increased arterial pressure stretches the wall of the blood vessel, triggering the baroreceptors.

Epinephrine and norepinephrine, hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla, raise blood pressure by increasing heart rate and the contractility of the heart muscles and by causing vasoconstriction of arteries and veins. These hormones are secreted as part of the fight‐or‐flight response. Healthy kidneys produce a hormone called aldosterone to help the body regulate blood pressure. Kidney damage and uncontrolled high blood pressure each contribute to a negative spiral.

Numerous receptors in the circulatory system can detect changes in pH or stretch and signal these changes to the cardiovascular center. The cardiovascular center can alter heart rate and stroke volume to increase blood pressure and flow.

Autoregulation is the capacity of tissues to regulate their own blood flow. Most vascular beds have an intrinsic capacity to compensate for moderate changes in perfusion pressure by changes in vascular resistance, so that blood flow remains relatively constant. Autoregulation is well developed in normal brain arterials.