4.1 Discuss how the ribosome knows where to begin during protein synthesis.
The ribosome begins protein synthesis from the start codon (AUG) encoding methionine. In prokaryotes, ribosome binds to specific sequence (ribosome binding site, or Shine-Dalgarno sequence) located upstream of the start codon of an mRNA. In eukaryotes, ribosome scans mRNA and identifies start codon within the Kozak consensus sequence.
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