Genetics Answers

Can mendelian genetics be applied to explain all the inheritance of diseases reported in humans?or any exceptions?

 Predict the blood group of the offsprings when father is heterozygous A and mother is heterozygous B.

You are a forensic scientist working on a murder case. You have taken blood samples from the crime scene and put it through electrophoresis and southern blotting. What step do you need to take next?

Mitosis is part of the cell cycle and includes all of the following steps except which one?

You sample a large population of wild pea plants, and after counting 5000 individuals you find that 12% of them have white flowers (remember Mendel’s experiments, white is recessive to purple, single locus, 2 alleles). A) What are the frequencies of p (recessive allele) and P (dominant allele), assuming Hardy-Weinberg? B) Assuming 1 generation per year, and no selection, no migration, and random crossing between individuals (bees don’t care what color the flowers are), what will be the gene frequency in 3 years?

4. You are advising prospective parents on possible outcomes if they have children. Both are carriers of the gene for cystic fibrosis. If they have 2 children, what are the probabilities that a) one will have the disease? b) both will have the disease? C) both will be disease free but both will be carriers? d) both will be disease free, and neither will be a carrier?

In a small southern Italian village, there is a high frequency allele in the village population. This allele is a mutant variant of the normal hemoglobin gene, and the allele has a deletion of a large section of a big exon in the alpha chain hemoglobin gene—the resulting protein is missing 27 amino acids compared to the normal hemoglobin protein. Suggest 2 methods by which we might detect heterozygote carriers of this allele, and explain your logic. Hint—pedigree analysis is NOT one of these methods.

How do scientists describe the mechanisms (ways) by which genes are inherited (passed down) from parents to children?

the answer must include the following terms:

trait

gamete

dominant

recessive

homologous chromosomes

meiosis

homozygous

heterozygous

allele

inheritance

genotype

phenotype

fertilization

Assess the possibility of errors occurring during the stages of protein synthesis, particularly during transcription and translation. Analyse the cause and effect of genetic mutations in DNA, including:

• Missense 

• Nonsense

• Silent

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Duplication

• frameshift

Provide examples of the impact that these errors may have on the end products of protein synthesis.

Discuss how the genetic code allows proteins to be synthesised with minimal errors taking place, including:

• triplet codes

• codon

• anticodon

• degenerate code

• non-overlapping