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A condition in which both alleles of a heterozygous condition are expressed as a blending of traits is ______.
incomplete dominance
sex-linked
transformation
crossing over
During which phase of meiosis does variation occur?
anaphase I
cytokinesis
interphase
telophase I
Male cats are either black (B) or orange (O). Females are black, orange, or calico, which has patches of black and orange. Calico is formed from the codominance between the two alleles in the heterozygote, so a calico cat is (XB XO). Give the genotype and phenotype ratio of a cross between an orange male cat and a calico cat.
The trait that is masked by the dominant trait is the _____ trait.
recessive
cross
purebred
hybrid
which color is dominant in a bird, gray or black? How do you know?
1. Each mutant shown below was derived from the wild type:
Wild type 5' GAA CTC GAG CTT AAT 3'
Mutant 1 5' GAA CTC GAG CTT AAT 3'
Mutant 2 5' GAA CTC AAG CTT AAT 3'
Mutant 3 5' GAA CTC GAG CTT AAT 3'
Classify the mutation at both the DNA and protein levels.
23. What is a carrier? If a carrier mates with a homozygous dominant individual, what
are the chances one of their kids will get a disease?
24. If a heterozygous parent has a disease caused by a dominant allele and mates with
a homozygous recessive individual, what are the chances that their child will get the
disease?
19. A child has type O blood, and her mother has type A blood. What is the mother's
genotype? What are the possible genotypes for the father?
20. What is the difference between pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance? Give an
example of a trait that exhibits each.
21. What makes a good study organism for genetic research? Give an example of a
bad study organism and a good one.
22. Be able to interpret a pedigree chart and say what possible genotypes the children
of two known parents can produce.
14. What does Mendel's law of segregation say? When in meiosis does this
segregation occur?
15. How can two organisms have the same genotype but different phenotypes? For
instance, why aren't identical twins (who have the same DNA) exactly the same in
every way?
16. What does the law of independent assortment say? When in meiosis does
independent assortment occur? In what cases does this law not hold true?
17. Can you draw Punnett Squares for crosses of up to 2 genes at once? If I tell you
that alleles are completely dominant, incompletely dominant, epistatic, or
codominant, can you tell me which genotype codes for which traits? Can you draw
Punnett squares for sex-linked traits?
18. Be familiar with how the ABO blood types work. What kind of dominance do the
alleles for blood types show?
10. When Mendel crossed a purple-flowered pea with a white-flowered pea in the P
generation, all the offspring were purple, but the white flower trait reappeared in the
F2 generation. How can a trait disappear in one generation and reappear in the
next?
11. If you see a 3:1 ratio in the offspring from a genetic cross, what does this tell you
about the genotypes of the parents?
12. If tall height (T) is dominant to short height (t) and purple flowers (P) are dominant
to white flowers (p), what fraction of the offspring from the cross TtPp x ttPP will be
short and purple?
13. Let's you crossed a true breeding plant that produces lethal poison with a true
breeding plant that produces no poison for the P generation. All of the F1
generation produce mild poison. 1/4 of the F2 generation produce lethal poison, 1/4
produce no poison, and 1/2 produce mild poison. What kind of dominance is this an
example of?
