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What are balanced lethal. Please do explain with an example and simple english.
Does each protein contain all 20 amino acids?

What happens to mRNA and tRNA after the polypeptide chain is formed?

“Having more than one possible code for an amino acid is called redundancy or degeneracy of the code. It acts to buffer the effect of mutations because a change to a single base may not necessarily change the amino acid coded for.” - Since there is a change in the base sequence but the amino acid is still the same, is this called a same sense mutation?

Do all genes start and end with the triplets complementary to the start and stop codons?

“AUG is the start signal. It codes for the amino acid methionine. This amino acid is usually cleaved off the completed polypeptide chain.” - So the amino acid methionine is hardly part of a protein since it is cleaved off?

Do mutations occur on the template strand or coding strand of DNA?
Is p53 a major gene that is activated by DNA damage? I mean are there other genes apart from p53 that are activated on DNA damage? Why is it only named the guardian of genome, over other genes if there are any?
Is the following correct?
What is criss-cross inheritance?
Criss-cross inheritance is the inheritance of a X-linked recessive trait from grandfather to grandson through a carrier mother.
''A major function of p53 is to protect the genome from harmful mutations, that is, to prevent genetic instability, justifying the name “guardian of the genome.”- how does it actually protect the genome from harmful mutation and why is it called the guardian of the genome? Please explain
Definition of cryptic satellite DNA: A satellite DNA sequence that cannot be separated from the main-band DNA by density gradient ultracentrifugation.

What's the meaning of main-band DNA.?
How is RNA silencing different from RNA interference?
Are the following two definitions correct?
Incomplete linkage: The phenomenon of inheritance of recombinant/non-parental combination of genes due to presence of crossing over is called incomplete linkage.
Complete linkage: The phenomenon of inheritance of parental combination of genes due to absence of crossing over is called complete linkage.
In the cross performed by Punnet and Batson on Latyrus Odoratus the plants with only C_P_ genotype i.e with two dominant allele have purple colour. At molecular level this is because the two dominant alleles encode for two enzymes that are envolved in anthocyanin synthesis. Due to absence of one dominant allele (i.e. genotype C_pp or ccP_) the anthocyanin pigment is not produced and the flower is white.
I was reading Snustard and Simmon's Principle of genetics and it said that the reccessive alleles i.e ccP_ or C_pp have an epistatic effect on the dominant alleles. It didn't make sense to me. I mean at molecular level the recessive alleles(i.e. cc and pp) have no role in supressing the expression of dominant allele of another gene, isn't it?
What are silent carrier traits?
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