Answer to Question #245445 in Genetics for Maizatul

Question

Decsribe DNA replication and identify the enzymes involved during the process.

Answer 1

DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division. 

1. The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA.
2. This is carried out by an enzyme called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds of DNA together (A with T, C with G).
3. The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.
4. One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork), this is the leading strand. The other strand is oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork), this is the lagging strand. As a result of their different orientations, the two strands are replicated differently:

Enzymes involved in DNA replication include

DNA polymerase

DNA primase

DNA helicase

DNA ligase

Topoisomerase