Answer to Question #119103 in Evolution for Jack

Question

How does the adaptations in the hind feet structure of a dog, goat and human affect their movement?

Answer 1

Hind limbs of a dog have a slightly greater limb mass than their fore limbs. The hind limbs play an important role in primary propulsion as they are located relatively proximally compared to fore limbs. Distal cushion of dogs are dynamic during locomotion, alternating between phases of compression and expansion hence reducing the loads experienced by the skeletal system.

Goats on the other hand have cloven hooves, which spread apart when contacting the ground and adapting to different ground environments during locomotion. Their hind feet have a stronger muscular skeleton system capable of responding to increased work power production, energy absorption and navigating to steep inclines and declines.

In humans, the hind limbs are a more proximal and posterior portion of the feet. Hind limbs are robust, have a larger size and girth than other structures of the foot. They are adapted to transmitting large loads between the proximal and distal aspects of the limb when the feet contacts the ground.